In the realm of bioreactors, hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a prominent tool due to their outstanding performance. These versatile membranes, characterized by their dense array of thin fibers, offer a significant interaction area for biological reactions. The distinct morphology of hollow fiber membranes facilitates efficient movement of ma

Membrane Aerated Bioreactors (MABRs) are a novel technology for treating wastewater. Unlike traditional bioreactors, MABRs harness a unique combination of aerated membranes and enzymatic processes to achieve optimal treatment efficiency. Within an MABR system, air is transferred directly through the membranes that contain a dense population of micr